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Aircraft in fiction covers the various real-world aircraft that have made significant appearances in fiction over the decades, including in books, films, toys, TV programs, video games, and other media. These appearances spotlight the popularity of different models of aircraft, and showcase the different types for the general public. The first aviation film was the 1911 William J. Humphrey–directed two-reeler, ''The Military Air-Scout'',〔Copp, DeWitt S., ''A Few Great Captains: The Men and Events That Shaped the Development of U.S. Air Power'', The Air Force Historical Foundation, Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City, New York, Library of Congress catalog card number 78-22310, ISBN 0-385-13310-3, p. 7.〕 shot following an Aero Club of America flying meet at Long Island, New York, with Lt. Henry Arnold doing the stunt flying. "Arnold, who picked up 'a few extra bucks' for his services, became so excited about movies that he almost quit the Army to become an actor."〔Suid, Lawrence H., "Guts and Glory: The Making of the American Military Image in Film", The University Press of Kentucky, 2002, Library of Congress card number 2001 007630, ISBN 0-8131-2225-2, p. 16.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Guts and Glory )〕 The years between World War I and World War II saw extensive use of the new technology, aircraft, in the new medium, film.〔Wohl, p. 112.〕 In the early 1920s Hollywood studios made dozens of now-obscure "aerial Westerns" with leads such as Tom Mix and Hoot Gibson, where the role of the horse was taken by aircraft, or used aircraft as nothing more than vehicles for stunts to excite audiences.〔Wohl, p. 113.〕 In 1926 the first "proper" aviation film was made; ''Wings'' is a story of two pilots who sign up to fly and fight in World War I.〔Wohl, p. 114.〕 Made with the co-operation of the United States' then-Department of War (a relationship that continues to this day), it used front-line military aircraft of the day such as the Thomas-Morse MB-3 and Boeing PW-9, flown by military pilots.〔Wohl, p. 117.〕 Future U.S. Air Force Generals Hap Arnold and Hoyt Vandenberg were among the military officers involved with the production, Arnold as a technical consultant and Vandenberg as one of the pilots. ''Wings'' was a box-office hit when it achieved general release in 1929 and went on to win the award for Best Production at the first Academy Awards.〔Wohl, p. 115.〕 In Fascist Italy in the 1930s, aviation-themed films were used as propaganda tools to complement the massed flights led by Italo Balbo in promoting the regime domestically and abroad.〔Wohl, p. 93.〕〔Wohl, p. 109.〕 One such film was the most successful Italian film of the pre-World War II era; ''Luciano Serra pilota'' (''Luciano Serra, Pilot'') was inextricably linked to the Fascist government via Mussolini's son Vittorio, who was the driving force behind the film's production.〔 The film, set between 1921 and the Italo-Abyssinian War, was used to compare the allegedly moribund state of aviation in pre-Fascist Italy with the purported power of the Regia Aeronautica and Italian aviation in general in the 1930s.〔Wohl, pp. 109–112.〕 However, by the time that ''Luciano Serra pilota'' was shown at the 1938 Venice Film Festival, the link between aviation and Fascism had already been firmly established in the minds of the Italian people through widespread depictions of aircraft in a variety of media.〔 For example, there was an entire branch of the Futurist Art movement devoted to aviation, known as ''Aeropittura'' (Aeropainting). While many of the ''Aeropittura'' works were devoted to flight rather than aircraft ''per se'', some did celebrate Italian aviation exploits, such as Alfredo Ambrosi's ''Il volo su Vienna'' (''The Flight over Vienna'') which depicted in Futurist style the World War I exploit of Gabriele d'Annunzio; although the city of Vienna is shown in abstract in accordance with the aims of ''Aeropittura'' – namely to show the dynamism and excitement of flight – the Ansaldo SVA aircraft are very carefully and accurately rendered.〔〔Wohl, p. 56.〕 In the United States the use or denial of use of current military aircraft in films is determined by the US military itself. The armed services review all requests for the use of aircraft, by examining the scripts to ensure that aircraft will only be used in films that show the US military in a positive light. Because alternatives to using real military aircraft can be expensive, this means that films that don't get US military approval often do not get financed or made. Sean McElwee, writing for Salon.com concluded of this problem, "This is a prima facie case for de facto censorship...If the government wants to allow its equipment to be used by studios, it needs to grant access to anyone who wants to use it – that is the meaning of pluralism. The Pentagon fears that some of the movies may hurt the military’s reputation and recruiting efforts. These concerns are legitimate, but it’s more important that we allow John Stuart Mill’s "market place of ideas" to be a place for free trade, rather than favoring some over others." Since the advent of television, aircraft have been featured in numerous miniseries and series around the world. These include the American productions ''Airwolf'', ''Baa Baa Black Sheep'', ''Sky King'' and ''Wings''; the Australian series ''Big Sky'', ''Chopper Squad'' and ''The Flying Doctors'', and the miniseries ''The Lancaster Miller Affair''; British shows such as ''Airline'', ''Piece of Cake'' and ''Squadron'', the Canadian series ''Arctic Air''; ''JETS – Leben am Limit'' and ''Medicopter 117 – Jedes Leben zählt'' from Germany; and the Canadian – British – German co-production ''Ritter's Cove''. ==A-1 Skyraider== Douglas AD-1 Skyraiders fly RESCAP missions over a downed Grumman F9F Panther and Sikorsky HO3S-1 in Korea in the climax of the 1954 release, ''The Bridges at Toko-Ri'',〔 based on the James A. Michener novel of the same title. A flight of US Navy AD-1s stood in for unavailable Republic P-47 Thunderbolts in the 1962 production ''The Longest Day'',〔(How it Flies – Douglas A-1 Skyraider ). howitflies.com〕 based on the Cornelius Ryan non-fiction book of the same title. The A-1 Skyraider made appearances in the 1968 film ''The Green Berets'', loosely based on the 1965 book of the same name by Robin Moore.〔 "Sandy" combat search and rescue missions were depicted in the 1991 John Milius film ''Flight of the Intruder'' based on the Stephen Coonts novel of the same title.〔 The Skyraider was also featured as one of the many aircraft providing close air support during the First Battle of the Ia Drang Valley Campaign in Mel Gibson's 2002 film ''We Were Soldiers'',〔〔(We were Soldiers ). johnnycirucci.com〕 based on the non-fiction book ''We Were Soldiers Once… And Young'' by Lieutenant General (Ret.) Hal Moore and reporter Joseph L. Galloway. CGI-rendered US Navy Skyraiders were shown in the 2007 Werner Herzog film ''Rescue Dawn'', set during the Vietnam War.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aircraft in fiction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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